手動(dòng)變速箱的作業(yè)原理
Operating Principle of Manual Gearbox
手動(dòng)變速箱是有不同齒比的齒輪組構(gòu)成的，它作業(yè)的基本原理就是經(jīng)過切換不同的齒輪組，來實(shí)現(xiàn)齒比的改換。作為分配動(dòng)力的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，變速箱必須有動(dòng)力輸入軸和輸出軸這兩大件，再加上構(gòu)成變速箱的齒輪，就是一個(gè)手動(dòng)變速箱較基本的組件。
Manual gearbox is composed of gears with different gear ratios. The basic principle of its operation is to change different gear groups to achieve the change of gear ratios. As the key link of power distribution, the transmission must have power input shaft and output shaft, together with the gears constituting the transmission, which is the most basic component of a manual transmission.
動(dòng)力輸入軸與離合器相連，從離合器傳遞來的動(dòng)力直接經(jīng)過輸入軸傳遞給齒輪組，齒輪組是由直徑不同的齒輪組成的，不同的齒輪比例所到達(dá)的動(dòng)力傳輸效果是徹底不同的，往常駕馭中的換擋也就是指換齒輪比。
The power input shaft is connected with the clutch, and the power transmitted from the clutch is transmitted directly to the gear group through the input shaft. The gear group is composed of gears with different diameters, and the power transmission effect achieved by different gear ratios is completely different. Shifting in the usual control means the gear ratio.
當(dāng)車輪滾動(dòng)時(shí)同樣會(huì)帶著花鍵軸一同滾動(dòng)，此時(shí)，軸上的藍(lán)色齒輪可以在花鍵軸上發(fā)作相對(duì)自在滾動(dòng)。因而，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中止，而車輪仍在滾動(dòng)時(shí)，藍(lán)色齒輪和中心軸出在靜止?fàn)顩r，而花鍵軸則隨車輪滾動(dòng)。這個(gè)原理和自行車后軸的飛輪很相似。藍(lán)色齒輪和花鍵軸是由套筒來銜接的，套筒跟著花鍵軸滾動(dòng)，但一同也可以在花鍵軸上左右自在滑動(dòng)來嚙合齒輪。
When the wheel rolls, it will also roll with the spline shaft. At this time, the blue gear on the shaft can roll relatively freely on the spline shaft. Thus, when the engine stops and the wheel is still rolling, the blue gears and the center axle are stationary, while the spline axle rolls with the wheel. This principle is very similar to the flywheel of the rear axle of a bicycle. Blue gears and spline shafts are connected by sleeves, which roll with the spline shafts, but they can also slide freely around the spline shafts to engage the gears.
說完這些，換擋的過程就很好理解了，當(dāng)套筒和藍(lán)色齒輪相連時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力就會(huì)經(jīng)過中心軸傳遞到輸出軸上，在這一同，左面的藍(lán)色齒輪也在自在旋轉(zhuǎn)，但由于沒有和套筒嚙合，所以它不對(duì)花鍵軸產(chǎn)生影響。而假如套筒在兩個(gè)藍(lán)色齒輪之間時(shí)，變速箱在空擋位置，此時(shí)兩個(gè)藍(lán)色齒輪都在花鍵軸上自在滾動(dòng)，互不干涉。
After that, the shift process is well understood. When the sleeve and the blue gear are connected, the engine power will be transferred to the output shaft through the central shaft. In this same way, the blue gear on the left side is also rotating freely, but because it does not mesh with the sleeve, it does not affect the spline shaft. If the sleeve is between the two blue gears and the gearbox is in the neutral position, then the two blue gears are rolling freely on the spline shaft and do not interfere with each other.
經(jīng)過撥動(dòng)變速桿，切換中心軸上的自動(dòng)齒輪，經(jīng)過巨細(xì)不同的齒輪組合與動(dòng)力輸出軸結(jié)合，然后改動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速。
The automatic gears on the central shaft are switched by shifting the transmission rod, and combined with the power output shaft through different gear combinations, then the torque and speed of the driving wheel are changed.
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力輸入軸是經(jīng)過一根中心軸，直接與動(dòng)力輸出軸銜接的。中心軸的兩個(gè)齒輪與動(dòng)力輸出軸上的兩個(gè)齒輪是跟著發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出一同滾動(dòng)的?？墒羌偃鐩]有同步器的接合，兩個(gè)齒輪只能在動(dòng)力輸出軸上空轉(zhuǎn)。
The power input shaft of the engine is connected directly with the power output shaft through a central shaft. The two gears of the central shaft and the two gears of the power output shaft roll together with the output of the engine. But without synchronizer engagement, the two gears can only rotate idly on the power output shaft.
當(dāng)變速桿向左移動(dòng)，使同步器向右移動(dòng)與齒輪接合，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力經(jīng)過中心軸的齒輪，將動(dòng)力傳遞給動(dòng)力輸出軸。
When the transmission rod moves to the left, the synchronizer moves to the right to engage with the gear, and the engine power passes through the gear of the central shaft to transmit the power to the power output shaft.
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