一、手動(dòng)變速箱

　　1、 Manual transmission

　　手動(dòng)變速箱MT，又稱機(jī)械式變速器，即必須用手撥動(dòng)變速桿(俗稱"擋把")才能改變變速器內(nèi)的齒輪嚙合位置，改變傳動(dòng)比，從而達(dá)到變速的目的。

　　Manual transmission MT, also known as mechanical transmission, requires manually shifting the gear lever (commonly known as the "gear lever") to change the meshing position of the gears inside the transmission, change the transmission ratio, and achieve the purpose of shifting.

　　二、自動(dòng)變速箱

　　2、 Automatic transmission

　　自動(dòng)變速箱在國際上已成為主流，主要有AT、AMT、CVT 和 DCT/DSG等類型。

　　Automatic transmissions have become mainstream internationally, mainly including AT, AMT, CVT, and DCT/DSG types.

　　1、AT 變速箱前期傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)以 4AT 為主，朝多方向發(fā)展，如 6AT、8AT、9AT。AT 具有換擋平穩(wěn)、舒適性好、傳遞功率能力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)，但其燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性差，制造成本高。

　　1. The initial transmission system of AT gearbox is mainly based on 4AT and is developing in multiple directions, such as 6AT, 8AT, and 9AT. AT has the characteristics of smooth shifting, good comfort, and strong power transmission ability, but its fuel economy is poor and manufacturing cost is high.

　　2、AMT 是在傳統(tǒng)的手動(dòng)變速器基礎(chǔ)上，只改變了手動(dòng)操作部分，通過電子控制的自動(dòng)操縱系統(tǒng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)換擋。AMT 的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低，燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性好，但其舒適性差，自動(dòng)化控制難度大。

　　2. AMT is based on the traditional manual transmission, only changing the manual operation part, and achieving automatic shifting through an electronically controlled automatic control system. AMT has a simple structure, low cost, and good fuel economy, but its comfort is poor and automation control is difficult.

　　3、CVT 是真正意義上的無級(jí)變速器，零件少、體積小，具有效率高、低油耗的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，還可以作為動(dòng)力耦合兼變速器匹配在混合動(dòng)力汽車上。但其存在制造復(fù)雜、投資大、傳動(dòng)帶易損壞且壽命短等缺點(diǎn)。

　　3. CVT is a true continuously variable transmission with few parts and small size, which has the advantages of high efficiency and low fuel consumption. It can also be used as a power coupling and transmission matching in hybrid vehicles. But it has disadvantages such as complex manufacturing, high investment, easy damage to the transmission belt, and short service life.

　　4、DCT/DSG 采用了兩個(gè)離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)，換擋過程與 AT 類似。DCT/DSG 繼承了手動(dòng)變速器燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性好、質(zhì)量高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在換擋過程中不存在動(dòng)力中斷，換擋舒適性好。變速箱日常應(yīng)該如何養(yǎng)護(hù)呢？

　　4. The DCT/DSG adopts a structure of two clutches, and the shifting process is similar to that of AT. DCT/DSG inherits the advantages of good fuel economy and high quality of manual transmission, with no power interruption during shifting and good shifting comfort. How should the gearbox be maintained on a daily basis?

　　1、及時(shí)檢查變速箱要及時(shí)檢查變速箱內(nèi)油液的液量，保證其維持在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)，并且根據(jù)實(shí)際工作情況及時(shí)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)填，補(bǔ)填時(shí)需要保證新加入的油液是同一種油液，更換油液時(shí)要趁著變速箱工作時(shí)，及時(shí)放出里面之前的油液，并且進(jìn)行清洗。要定時(shí)檢查變速箱齒輪的工作狀態(tài)，保證齒輪之間嚙合在最佳的狀態(tài)下，并且及時(shí)進(jìn)行清理，保證齒輪與軸之間配合完善。

　　1. Timely inspection of the gearbox: It is necessary to check the amount of oil in the gearbox in a timely manner to ensure that it remains within the specified range, and to replenish it in a timely manner according to the actual working situation. When replenishing, it is necessary to ensure that the newly added oil is of the same type. When replacing the oil, it is necessary to drain the previous oil while the gearbox is working and clean it in a timely manner. Regularly check the working condition of the gearbox gears to ensure optimal meshing between them, and clean them in a timely manner to ensure perfect coordination between the gears and the shaft.

　　2、及時(shí)檢查變速箱不同連接部位的狀態(tài)日常維護(hù)過程中，要對變速箱各連接部位的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行檢查，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)是否出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)、磨損損壞等故障。連接部位出現(xiàn)松動(dòng)時(shí)要及時(shí)擰緊，損壞位置及時(shí)進(jìn)行修復(fù)更換。及時(shí)檢查軸端面油封與外部結(jié)合部位是否出現(xiàn)漏油滲油狀況，及時(shí)更換失效的油封與膠墊。

　　2. Timely check the status of different connection parts of the gearbox. During daily maintenance, it is necessary to inspect the status of each connection part of the gearbox to promptly detect any looseness, wear, damage, or other faults. When the connection part becomes loose, it should be tightened in a timely manner, and the damaged area should be repaired and replaced in a timely manner. Timely check whether there is oil leakage or seepage at the joint between the shaft end face oil seal and the external part, and replace the failed oil seal and gasket in a timely manner.

　　3、變速箱結(jié)構(gòu)部件的維護(hù)變速箱的日常維護(hù)要注重變速箱結(jié)構(gòu)件的維護(hù)，要注重對變速箱齒輪、軸承以及不同軸之間的維護(hù)。要及時(shí)檢查變速箱齒輪是否發(fā)生磨損、打齒以及嚙合發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤等問題。要加強(qiáng)軸承的檢查，注意軸承軸向或者徑向間隙過大、隔套磨損等問題。對于變速箱內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)件要做到正確養(yǎng)護(hù)與檢查，保證其運(yùn)行在最佳狀態(tài)下，并且能夠及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并解決。

　　3. The maintenance of gearbox structural components should pay attention to the maintenance of gearbox structural components in daily maintenance, and focus on the maintenance of gearbox gears, bearings, and between different shafts. It is necessary to promptly check whether the gearbox gears are worn, toothed, or have meshing errors. We need to strengthen the inspection of bearings, paying attention to issues such as excessive axial or radial clearance of bearings, and wear of spacers. Proper maintenance and inspection should be carried out on the structural components inside the gearbox to ensure that they operate in optimal condition and can promptly detect and solve problems.

　　4、養(yǎng)成良好的駕駛習(xí)慣日常使用過程中，要養(yǎng)成良好的開車習(xí)慣。在進(jìn)行換擋時(shí)，操作變速操縱桿不能太用力，要采用規(guī)定的方法防止打壞齒輪、損壞操縱桿撥叉以及損壞操縱桿等問題。換擋時(shí)要保證離合器或剎車踏板徹底踩下后才可以操縱操縱桿，防止打壞齒輪。

　　4. Develop good driving habits in daily use. When shifting gears, do not use too much force to operate the gear lever. Use prescribed methods to prevent damage to gears, lever forks, and levers. When shifting gears, ensure that the clutch or brake pedal is fully depressed before operating the control lever to prevent gear damage.

　　5、變速箱油應(yīng)參考車輛保養(yǎng)手冊，并結(jié)合實(shí)際車況適時(shí)更換。

　　5. The transmission oil should refer to the vehicle maintenance manual and be replaced in a timely manner based on the actual vehicle condition.

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