變速箱的種類有哪些？

What are the types of transmissions?

　　變速箱大致有手動(dòng)變速箱、普通自動(dòng)變速箱/普通自動(dòng)變速箱帶手自一體、CVT無(wú)級(jí)變速箱/CVT帶檔位的變速箱、雙離合變速箱、序列變速箱等類別。

There are various types of transmissions, including manual transmissions, regular automatic transmissions/automatic transmissions with manual transmission, CVT continuously variable transmissions/CVT transmissions with gears, dual clutch transmissions, and sequential transmissions.

　　變速箱主要指的是汽車的變速箱，它分為手動(dòng)、自動(dòng)兩種，手動(dòng)變速箱主要由齒輪和軸組成，通過(guò)不同的齒輪組合產(chǎn)生變速變矩;

The gearbox mainly refers to the gearbox of a car, which is divided into manual and automatic types. The manual gearbox is mainly composed of gears and shafts, which generate variable speed and torque through different gear combinations;

　　而自動(dòng)變速箱AT是由液力變扭器、行星齒輪、液壓變距系統(tǒng)和液壓操縱系統(tǒng)組成。變速箱是車輛上非常重要的部件，它可以改變傳動(dòng)比，擴(kuò)大驅(qū)動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的作用。

The automatic transmission AT is composed of a hydraulic torque converter, planetary gears, hydraulic pitch control system, and hydraulic control system. The gearbox is a very important component in vehicles, which can change the transmission ratio, expand the torque and speed of the driving wheels.

　　隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，變速箱也有了升級(jí)，從最初的手動(dòng)變速箱，到現(xiàn)在無(wú)級(jí)變速箱，從無(wú)同步器到有同步器，操控越來(lái)越方便。

With the development of modern technology, transmissions have also been upgraded. From manual transmissions to continuously variable transmissions, from no synchronizers to synchronizers, control has become increasingly convenient.

　　目前工程機(jī)械上廣泛采用柴油機(jī)，其轉(zhuǎn)矩與轉(zhuǎn)速變化范圍小，不能滿足車輛在各種工況下對(duì)牽引力和行駛速度的要求，需采用變速箱來(lái)解決這種矛盾。變速箱性能的優(yōu)劣是衡量工程機(jī)械動(dòng)力性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性及駕駛性的關(guān)鍵。目前的變速系統(tǒng)主要有機(jī)械傳動(dòng)、液力傳動(dòng)、靜液壓傳動(dòng)。變速箱有人力換擋和動(dòng)力換擋，結(jié)構(gòu)有定軸式和行星式。

At present, diesel engines are widely used in construction machinery, with a small range of torque and speed changes, which cannot meet the traction and driving speed requirements of vehicles under various working conditions. A gearbox is needed to solve this contradiction. The performance of the gearbox is the key to measuring the power, economy, and driving performance of construction machinery. The current transmission systems mainly include mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, and hydrostatic transmission. The gearbox has manual and power shifting, and its structure includes fixed shaft and planetary types.

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